Why Do Gums Bleed?
The 8 Most Common Causes of Bleeding Gums
1. Gingivitis (Gum Inflammation)
The most common cause. Plaque build-up causes inflammation of the gums. Bleeding on brushing is the first sign. It resolves completely with professional cleaning and regular hygiene.
2. Periodontitis
The progression of untreated gingivitis. Bone loss begins, teeth start to loosen and the gums recede. Treatment requires subgingival debridement or surgery.
3. Incorrect Brushing Technique
A hard brush or excessive pressure traumatises the gums. A soft brush with gentle circular motions is recommended.
4. Hormonal Changes
During pregnancy, puberty, menopause and menstruation the gum tissue becomes more hormonally sensitive and more prone to bleeding.
5. Blood-Thinning Medication
Aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel and other anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents prolong bleeding.
6. Diabetes
Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of gum infection and slows healing.
7. Smoking
Smoking impairs gum circulation. Interestingly, smokers report less bleeding because blood vessels constrict — but their infection runs a more aggressive course.
8. Nutritional Deficiencies
Deficiencies of vitamin C and vitamin K can cause bleeding gums.
What Helps Bleeding Gums?
Home Measures
- Use a soft brush — stop using hard brushes
- Gentle circular brushing — avoid aggressive back-and-forth strokes
- Floss once a day — there may be bleeding at first, but it reduces over 1–2 weeks with consistency
- Salt-water rinse — 2–3 times a day
- Take vitamin C — oranges, kiwis, peppers
- Stop smoking
Professional Treatment
- Scale and polish — the most effective treatment
- Subgingival debridement — cleaning deep pockets
- Gum treatment — laser or surgical intervention
- Medication review — speak to your doctor if you are on blood thinners
When to See a Dentist
- Bleeding lasting more than 2 weeks
- Swollen, red gums
- You have noticed teeth loosening
- Persistent bad breath
- Heavy bleeding that does not stop
- Accompanying fever or swelling
References
- Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45 Suppl 20:S44-S67. PubMed
- Loe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol. 1965;36:177-187. PubMed
- Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1:S159-S172. PubMed
Have you noticed your gums bleeding? At Derya Dental Clinic in Maltepe we will assess your gum health.
📞 0216 572 05 20 💬 WhatsApp appointment
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This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a specialist for decisions about your oral and dental health.
